Ubuntu Command For Data Communication and Networking

by izidny 9:51 PM 0 comments

Hello Everyone in this post i want to tell you about some command which implemented in Ubuntu terminal. Terminal is very useful tool in Linux OS. Many people prefer to use Terminal to download packages and programs above Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic Package Manager. It's a little hard for beginners to understand the Terminal, but once you learn the commands, it's easy. Lert's Started

1. w3m

W3M is a terminal web browser for Linux. It’s got a few tricks up its sleeve, including support for images, tabs, tables, frames and other features not usually included with terminal web browsers.

If you’ve used Linux for a while, you probably remember using a terminal browser to Google up a solution for your hardware when the X server refused to load. Modern X servers have advanced far beyond this, but W3M and other terminal browsers can still be useful.

Installing W3M

W3M isn’t included by default on most Linux distributions. You’ll want to install the main w3m package and the w3m-img package if you want inline image support. Use the following command on Ubuntu:

 sudo apt-get install w3m w3m-img

Basic Browsing

W3M has quite a few command-line options, but none are mandatory. The only thing you need to specify is a web page address. Want to bring up Google? Just use the w3m google.com command.

 

You can use the arrow keys to move the cursor around or click at a desired location to move the cursor there. If you want to type in a text box, select the text box with your cursor and press Enter before typing your text. W3M treats your keystrokes as commands if you just start typing.

 

Load a hyperlink by selecting it with your cursor and pressing Enter. You don’t have to select hyperlinks manually — press the Tab key to position your cursor over the next hyperlink on the page.

 

Shift-B will take you back a page. If you want to load a different URL, press Shift-U and you’ll get an URL prompt. Press Shift-H to view the help page if you want to see a more complete list of keyboard shortcuts.

Images in the Terminal

 

W3M supports images, so where are they? Well, terminals like GNOME Terminal and KDE’s Konsole can’t display W3M’s images. Other terminals, such as Xterm, can. W3M will also display images if you’re running it in a framebuffer console, so you don’t need an X server running to take advantage of this feature.

 

Another feature that doesn’t work in GNOME Terminal or Konsole is W3M’s right-click menu.

 

Browser Tabs

How did we ever live without tabs? They’re an essential feature for desktop web browsers. W3M includes tabs, too. Just press Shift-T to open a new tab.

 

You can switch between tabs by clicking them, but we’re trying to be terminal ninjas here. Use the { and } keys to switch between tabs without touching your mouse (that’s Shift-[ and Shift-]).

Gmail in the Terminal

W3M isn’t stuck in the past, like Lynx (another web browser for the terminal) is. It can render tables, frames and even has support for Gmail’s basic HTML interface.

 

You’d probably feel more comfortable accessing Gmail with an IMAP client from your terminal, but hey — it works.

2.Wget

NAME

        Wget - The non-interactive network downloader.
 

SYNOPSIS

        wget [option]... [URL]...
 

DESCRIPTION

        GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from
        the Web.  It supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols, as well as
        retrieval through HTTP proxies.
 
        Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background,
        while the user is not logged on.  This allows you to start a retrieval
        and disconnect from the system, letting Wget finish the work.  By con‐
        trast, most of the Web browsers require constant user’s presence, which
        can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of data.
 
        Wget can follow links in HTML and XHTML pages and create local versions
        of remote web sites, fully recreating the directory structure of the
        original site.  This is sometimes referred to as ‘‘recursive download‐
        ing.’’  While doing that, Wget respects the Robot Exclusion Standard
        (/robots.txt).  Wget can be instructed to convert the links in down‐
        loaded HTML files to the local files for offline viewing.
 
        Wget has been designed for robustness over slow or unstable network
        connections; if a download fails due to a network problem, it will keep
        retrying until the whole file has been retrieved.  If the server sup‐
        ports regetting, it will instruct the server to continue the download
        from where it left off.
 

 3. SSH

NAME

      ssh - OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program)

SYNOPSIS

ssh [-1246AaCfgKkMNnqsTtVvXxY] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-i identity_file] [-L [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port] [-R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-S ctl_path] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] [user@]hostname [command] 

DESCRIPTION

ssh (SSH client) is a program for logging into a remote machine and for executing commands on a remote machine. It is intended to replace rlogin and rsh, and provide secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network. X11 connections and arbitrary TCP ports can also be forwarded over the secure channel.

4.SCP

NAME

scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)

SYNOPSIS

scp [-1246BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program] [[user@]host1:]file1 [...] [[user@]host2:]file2

DESCRIPTION

scp copies files between hosts on a network. It uses ssh(1) for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security as ssh(1). Unlike rcp(1), scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if they are needed for authentication. Any file name may contain a host and user specification to indicate that the file is to be copied to/from that host. Copies between two remote hosts are permitted.

5. Rsync

NAME

rsync - faster, flexible replacement for rcp

SYNOPSIS

rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST rsync [OPTION]... SRC rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST] rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST] rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]

DESCRIPTION

rsync is a program that behaves in much the same way that rcp does, but has many more options and uses the rsync remote-update protocol to greatly speed up file transfers when the destination file is being updated. The rsync remote-update protocol allows rsync to transfer just the dif‐ ferences between two sets of files across the network connection, using an efficient checksum-search algorithm described in the technical report that accompanies this package.